SM01 and related types
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An unidentified Köf II, built by Deutz in 1944 and allegedly designated Ls150 – no details available. Skierniewice depot, August 6, 2005.
Kö
0130 (type Kö
I), Esslingen 4256/1934, previously used by Oświęcim Chemical Works; Pyskowice depot, May
2, 2009.
100 054-6, DR
(ex Kö 0154, type Kö
I, Windhoff 282/1935), photographed in Magdeburg-Buckau on July 12.1977. This locomotive was withdrawn in
July 1978. Photo by Helmut Constabel (from my
collection).
Another photo from my collection: 310 498-1, DB, is former Kö
4498 (type Kö
II, Henschel 22295/1934) that saw service with DR as 100 498-5 and is currently owned by Dampflokfreunde Nossen. Photographed in Nossen
on April 3, 2005 (photo from my collection).
Another preserved Kleinlokomotive: Köf
6114 (type Köf II, Deutz 46999/1949), operated by Museumsbahn Bremerhaven-Bederkessa. Photographed in Bederkessa
on August 21, 2002, by Bartosz Łoziński
(photo from my collection).
Kö
4638 (type Kö
II, Jung 5665/1935) in the DR livery, is preserved at the Lokpark Ampflwang in Austria; photo taken on August 25, 2016.
Kö 0049 (Jung
5396/1933) is one of non-standard Kleinlokomotiven,
retroactively included in Lg I. Owned and operated by Eisenbahnmuseum Schwarzenberg,
it was photographed there on May 7, 2005 by Geme (www.commons.wikimedia.org).
DR
310 430-4 (type Kö II, Jung
5632/1934) was originally delivered to DRG
as Kö 4430; it was withdrawn in 1992. Photo taken at the
railway museum in Prora on July 6, 2019.
Side drawings of Kö I…
… and Kö II; source: Diesellok-Archiv (see References).
322 175-1, DB
(ex Köf 6129, 321 165), Gmeinder 4678/1951, Nürnberg
depot, April 25, 1984 (withdrawn in July 1987)…
…
and 323 460-6, DB (ex Köf
6144, 321 169), Gmeinder 4689/1952, Offenburg depot, February 1992 (withdrawn in
November 1999). Both pictures originally published in Modell Eisenbahner (from my collection). |
Standardization of
locomotive types, introduced in Germany following merging of individual
national operators into Deutsche Reichsbahn Gesellschaft (DRG), referred not only to steam
engines. In early 1930s similar measures were introduced for small two-axle
locomotives powered by internal combustion engines (Kleinlokomotiven),
built in large numbers for state railways, industry and army. They were used
mainly as light switchers and for auxiliary duties, as well as by various
industrial establishments. Three power rating groups (Leistungsgruppen
– Lg) were distinguished, designated by
Roman numerals: -
Lg I – up to 40 hp (later
50 hp), -
Lg II – from 50 to 150 hp, -
Lg III – above 150 hp (introduced
only in 1959, never used in Poland). Individual sub-groups
were designated by capital letter K (for Kleinlokomotive)
and one or two lower-case letters. First of these indicated prime mover: -
b (Benzol, benzol engine), -
ö (Öl, diesel
engine), -
g (Generatorgas,
generator gas), -
d (Dampfmaschine,
steam engine), -
s (Speicher, battery, later changed to ‘a’
for Akku). Last three of these
sub-groups were represented by comparatively few examples: locomotives
powered by steam engines or fitted with gas generators were developed
basically as a response to wartime fuel shortages. Second letter indicated
transmission type and was either ‘e’ (for elektrische Kraftübertragung, electric transmission)
or ‘f’ (for Flüssigkeitsgetriebe, hydraulic
transmission); with mechanical transmission, this letter was missing. Kleinlokomotiven were built in considerable
numbers by various manufacturers and fitted with various prime movers, even
within one sub-group. Apart from standard gauge, they were also built for 600
mm, 750 mm and 1000 mm tracks, the same basic type designation system being
used. It has to be noted that the above-described designation system
retroactively included also a number of earlier, non-standardized types in
sub-groups Kb I (10), Kö I (94), Kb II (32) and Kö II (29). Individual examples were numbered; in Lg I numbers started from 0001, in Lg II – from 4000 and in Lg III – from 10 001. Of Leistungsgruppe I,
German state railways DRG received
289 examples (most data on production have been obtained from www.deutsche-kleinloks.de) from
various manufacturers; the majority came from Gmeinder and Windhoff. Many
more were built for industry, but on these I have no information. Production of
these locomotives did not continue after the war, but many remained in use
with both DB (in 1968 classed 311)
and DR (class 100.0) for a long
time. Leistungsgruppe II far outnumbered two other ones. According to the
above-mentioned website, until 1945 DRG
took delivery of 1278 examples. Production for DB (in 1968 classed 321, 322, 323, 324, 381 or 382, depending on
engine and transmission type) continued until 1965 and totaled 738 examples.
With DR these locomotives were
classed 100.1 through 100.9, again depending on propulsion and transmission;
post-war production in Eastern Germany was modest, totaling 35 examples built
by RAW Dessau between 1960 and
1962. It should be noted that above-mentioned post-war classes included also
a number of locomotives of types other than standardized Kleinlokomotives; for example, DR class 100.9 included six examples
from Lokomotivbau Karl Marx, types N 3, Ns 3 and V 10
C, the latter with three axles (!). Furthermore, eighteen locomotives were
built for private railways, 197 for industry and 91 for armed forces. The
latter number includes six Köf IIs built by Deutz in 1952
for Royal Air Force bases in
Germany. Between 1966 and 1969 Frichs engineering company of Aarhus, Denmark, built forty
Köf IIs for Danish state railways DSB, numbered 251 through 290; in 1992
a second-hand ex-DB 323 171-9
was purchased and numbered 250. In 2001 these locomotives were transferred to
Railion Denmark. This gives the grand total of 2397
examples. Information on Kleinlokomotiven service in Poland
is sparse. A handful were purchased by PKP
before the war for auxiliary duties at railway depots. In 1938 three examples
were ordered from BMAG (factory
numbers 10775 through 10777; designated Db 80/1 through 3, they were later
captured by the Germans and none was returned. Also in 1938, PKP purchased a single locomotive (BMAG 10783/1938) from a private
operator; designated Db 110/1, it was later impressed into DRG as Köf
5047 and remained in use with DR
until 1991. Most sources – e.g. AL
– give that after the war PKP had
three locomotives of this type, for which class designation SM01 was
reserved; whether it was actually assigned is a different story. The only
confirmed designation is SM01-03 (Kö 4476, Borsig
14496/1934). Possibly PKP had
several more examples; anyway, they were used solely for auxiliary duties. At
least seventeen were used at railway stock repair establishments (ZNTK). Most of them were given
untypical designations, e.g. Db 20-1, Db 110/1, Lb
395 or Lr-398; in the latter two, ‘b’ probably stood for ‘benzol’
and ‘r’ for ‘ropa’ – a common word for fuel oil.
Several examples were used by various industrial plants (most, if not all,
transferred from PKP and repair
establishments), but information on them is very limited. In Poland it was
typical to fit these locomotives with cab doors (usually made of wood),
windows and standard headlights. On the basis of various sources, I have
compiled a list of 24 Kleinlokomotiven
used in Poland after the war (some unconfirmed). A few of them enjoyed surprisingly
long lives: Lb 350 (Köf
5004, Deutz
11503/1942) survived at the ZNTK
Gliwice until 1993. According to the monograph by Peter Große and Horst Troche (see References), about thirty Lg I and up to 200 Lg II locomotives have been reported missing; most of them had been
used by Wehrmacht or assigned to
depots located in western Poland. They were either destroyed during
hostilities or abandoned during evacuation. This means that the
above-mentioned list may be far from complete. Collection of the PSMK (Polish Association of Railway Fans) at the Skierniewice depot includes a Kö II, allegedly built by Deutz for German armed forces in 1944; confirmation is lacking and Ls150 designation painted on the body is probably entirely fictitious. Possibly this locomotive is Deutz 33267/1941, originally built for German army, taken over by PKP and withdrawn in May 1946, but this is just a conjecture. Kö 0130 (type Kö I, Esslingen 4256/1934) is kept at the Pyskowice depot. Originally built for DRG, this locomotive was taken over by PKP (number unknown) and in 1959 sold to a chemical plant, where it remained in use until 2004. One Kö locomotive was reportedly used by Ursus mechanical works, Warsaw, but confusion with some other type, possibly Ls40, cannot be excluded (information from SS vol. 117). Mention has also to be made of seven two-axle locomotives captured in Poland in September 1939. Built by BMAG (four), Orenstein & Koppel (one) and Lilpop, Rau & Loewenstein engineering company of Warsaw (two), they differed from standardized German types; all but one, however, were given typical Kleinlokomotiven designations. Only one was returned after the war: built by Lilpop in 1939 (serial number unknown), it was taken over by Ostbahn, in May 1943 transferred to DRG and re-numbered Köf 5045 and withdrawn in January 1945. After the war it was briefly used by Czechoslovakian state railways ČSD as T 200.303. Returned in October 1947, it was impressed into PKP service, but its further fate is unknown. Kleinlokomotiven were used in many European countries and number of preserved examples is comparatively high. Perhaps most exotic history has been of Köf 6231 (Gmeinder 4861/1955) and Köf 6291 (Gmeinder 4991/1957), originally built for DB and sold in 1990 to British Balfour Beatty company. Numbered 51 and 50, respectively, they were transferred to Hongkong in early 1990s and used during airport construction. Both later returned to UK; Köf 6291 is currently operated by Nene Valley Railway. Main
technical data – Lg I*)
*) Note: data refer to late production examples. 1) Seven different engine types from four
manufacturers. Main
technical data – Lg II*)
*) Note: data refer to late production examples. 1) Mechanical, electric or hydraulic. 2) Twenty different engine types from ten
manufacturers. 3) With hydraulic transmission. References
and acknowledgments
-
Typenkunde deutscher Diesellokomotiven by
Stefan Alkofer (Transpress, 2004); -
Die
Einheitskleinlokomotiven Leistungsgruppen
I und II by Peter
Große and Horst Troche (EK-Verlag 2002); -
LP; -
www.deutsche-kleinloks.de
(most surprisingly, no mention of Polish Kleinlokomotiven!); -
Patrick Böttger (private
communication); -
Diesellok-Archiv by
Wolfgang Glatte and Lothar
Reinhardt (Transpress,
1969); -
many thanks to Ms. Walentyna
Chomańska for translation! |
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